Metabolische Chirurgie

Metabolic Surgery: A Comprehensive Overview

What is Metabolic Surgery?

Metabolic surgery, also known as weight-loss surgery or bariatric surgery, is a surgical procedure performed to reduce body weight and treat obesity-related conditions. It involves modifying the digestive system to limit food intake and absorption, thereby promoting significant and sustained weight loss.

Types of Metabolic Surgery

Restrictive Procedures

These procedures reduce the stomach's size, restricting food intake. Common types include:

• Gastric Sleeve: A portion of the stomach is removed, creating a smaller "sleeve."
• Gastric Banding: An adjustable band is placed around the upper stomach, creating a small opening for food passage.

Malabsorptive Procedures

These procedures bypass portions of the digestive tract, reducing nutrient absorption. Common types include:

• Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: The stomach is divided, and a small pouch is connected directly to the small intestine, bypassing the majority of the stomach and upper small intestine.
• Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch: The stomach and most of the small intestine are bypassed, leaving a short common channel for food and digestive juices to mix.

Combination Procedures

These procedures combine restrictive and malabsorptive elements, such as:

• Mini Gastric Bypass: A smaller version of the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, with less intestinal bypass.
• Single Anastomosis Duodenal-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy: Combines gastric sleeve with a partial intestinal bypass.

Eligibility for Metabolic Surgery

Eligibility criteria for metabolic surgery typically include:

• Body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher or a BMI of 35 or higher with obesity-related health conditions
• Unsuccessful attempts at non-surgical weight loss methods
• Absence of major medical or psychiatric contraindications

Benefits of Metabolic Surgery

Metabolic surgery has been shown to provide numerous health benefits, including:

• Significant and sustained weight loss
• Improved or resolved obesity-related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, and osteoarthritis
• Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, and mortality
• Improved mental health and well-being

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, metabolic surgery carries risks and potential complications, such as:

• Bleeding, infection, and blood clots
• Nutritional deficiencies
li>Gastrointestinal issues, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
• Rare but potentially serious complications, such as pancreatitis and fistula formation

Conclusion:

Metabolic surgery is a highly effective and potentially life-changing treatment option for individuals with severe obesity and obesity-related health conditions. By carefully considering the eligibility criteria, potential benefits, and risks involved, patients can make an informed decision about whether metabolic surgery is the right choice for them. It is important to approach this decision with realistic expectations, a commitment to lifestyle changes, and the support of a qualified healthcare team. With proper care and follow-up, metabolic surgery can lead to significant improvements in health, well-being, and longevity.